Phase-out targets: LDV
Verified on 13 March 2024
Phase Out Map
The map displays official phase-out targets set by national and sub-national governments with the aim to end the sale or registration of internal combustion engine (ICE) light-duty vehicles. More than 14 governments have their own targets. Additionally, more than 40 countries have signed onto the ZEV Declaration.
Source: ICCT research; please see the table below for further information.
Summary of ICE light duty vehicle phaseout policies and ZEV light duty phase-in policies
| policy_name | policy_type | policy_status | policy_summary | publication_year | PC | LCV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thailand Energy Blueprint 4.0 | phaseout goal | proposed | 1.2 million passenger EV stock by 2036. | 2016 | Yes | No |
| Sri Lanka Blue-Green Economy | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% of LDVs to be electrified by 2040. All state-owned vehicles to be electric by 2025 (across all modes). | 2017 | Yes | Yes |
| Green Master Technology Plan Malaysia 2017-2030 | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% (electrified, CNG, LPG or biofuel-fuelled vehicle) LDV stock for all private transport by 2030 and 40% in public transport (HDV and LDV). | 2017 | Yes | Yes |
| Israel Energy Economy Objectives for the Year 2030 | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of LDV sales by 2030; 5% by 2022, 23% by 2025, 61% by 2028. | 2018 | Yes | Yes |
| Brazil Senate Bill 454/2017 | phaseout goal | proposed | Senate Bill No. 454/2017 aims to ban the sale of fossil fuel-powered cars by 2060. | 2018 | Yes | No |
| Spain Integrated National Energy and Climate Change Plan 2021-2030 | phaseout goal | proposed | 5 million EV stock by 2030 | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| South Korea Passenger Car ZEV Sales Target | phaseout goal | proposed | 33% EV share of PC sales by 2030 | 2019 | Yes | No |
| South Korea Hydrogen Economy Roadmap | phaseout goal | proposed | 6,200,000 FCEV PC sales (including 2,900,000 domestic sales), 80,000 FCEV taxi stock, and 70,000 FCEV HDV stock by 2040 | 2019 | Yes | No |
| Singapore Land Transport Master Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of public transit bus and taxi stock by 2040 | 2019 | Yes | No |
| Panama National Electric Mobility Strategy | phaseout goal | adopted | 25 - 40% share of EVs in private vehicle sales by 2030; 10 - 20% of EVs in private vehicle fleet, 15 - 35% of buses; 25 - 50% of public vehicle fleets by 2030. | 2019 | Yes | No |
| Pakistan National Electric Vehicles Policy | phaseout goal | proposed | 90% EV share of all vehicle sales by 2040 | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| Netherlands National Climate Agreement | phaseout goal | adopted | 15,000 FCEV PC stock by 2025 and 300,000 by 2030; 50% ZEV share of taxi sales by 2025; 3,000 FCEV HDV stock by 2025 | 2019 | Yes | No |
| Italy Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 85% EV share of government LDV and HDV sales by 2030; 30% by 2022 and 50% by 2025 | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| India FAME II | phaseout goal | adopted | 55,000 ZEV PC sales and 7,000 ZEV bus sales by 2022 | 2019 | Yes | No |
| Hainan’s Clean Energy Vehicle Development Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of: taxi stock by 2020, coach bus sales by 2024, public transit bus sales by 2025, ridesharing/rental cars/LCV stock by 2030, and private car sales by 2030; 50% ZEV share of sanitation truck sales by 2030 | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| France Hydrogen Roadmap and Industrial Development | phaseout goal | proposed | 5,000 FCEV LDV stock by 2023 and 20,000 to 50,000 by 2028; 200 FCEV HDV stock by 2023 and 2,000 by 2028 | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| European Union Clean Vehicles Directive | ZEV fleet rule | in force | EV public procurement targets are differentiated by member state: 17.6% to 38.5% EV share of LDV sales by 2025; 6% to 10% ZEV share of MDT and HDV sales by 2025 and 7% to 15% by 2030; 24% to 45% ZEV share of bus sales by 2025 and 33% to 65% by 2030. | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| Costa Rica National Decarbonization Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of LDV sales, 60% ZEV share of LDV stock, and 100% ZEV share of bus and taxi stock by 2050; 25% ZEV share of LDV stock and 70% ZEV share of bus and taxi stock by 2035 | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| Colombia National Strategy for Electric Mobility | phaseout goal | proposed | 600 000 EV stock across all modes (LDV, MC, bus, MDV) by 2030. | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| Cabo Verde Electric Mobility Policy Charter | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV sales share for government vehicles by 2025, taxis by 2030, and private PCs and HDVs by 2035. Sets interim EV sales share targets for 2025 and 2030 and a target of 100% EV stock by 2050. | 2019 | Yes | Yes |
| Quebec Plan for a Green Economy | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of LDV sales by 2035 | 2020 | Yes | Yes |
| Quebec Electrification Policy Framework | phaseout goal | adopted | 100% share of EV public transport bus sales by 2025. 55% of city buses and 65% of school buses are electrified by 2030. 100% share of government cars, SUVs, vans and minivans and 25% of pickup trucks are electrified by 2030. 40% share of taxi stock is electric by 2030 | 2020 | Yes | No |
| New Jersey Senate Bill S2252/ Assembly Bill A4819 | phaseout goal | adopted | 85% EV share of LDV sales by 2040 | 2020 | Yes | Yes |
| Japan 2050 Carbon Neutral Green Growth Strategy | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV and HEV share of PC sales by 2035 | 2020 | Yes | No |
| Indonesia EV Charge.IN Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 2 million passenger EVs and 13 million electric motorcycles stock by 2030. | 2020 | Yes | No |
| Iceland 2020 Climate Action Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of PC sales by 2030 | 2020 | Yes | No |
| Delhi Electric Vehicles Policy 2020 | phaseout goal | proposed | 25% ZEV share of all vehicle sales by 2024 | 2020 | Yes | Yes |
| China New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | phaseout goal | proposed | 20% EV share of all vehicle sales by 2025 | 2020 | Yes | Yes |
| Assessment of Electric Mobility Targets for Nepal's 2020 NDC | phaseout goal | adopted | 25% share of EVs in private passenger vehicle sales (including two-wheelers) and 20% in four-wheel (i.e., buses and taxis) public passenger vehicle sales by 2025. 90% share of EVs in private passenger vehicle sales (including two-wheelers) and 60% in four-wheel (i.e., buses and taxis) public passenger vehicle sales by 2030. | 2020 | Yes | No |
| Victoria ZEV Roadmap | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% EV sales target by 2030; 100% by 2035 | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| US Build Back Better Act | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% EV share of LDV sales by 2030. Also ZEV sales of 100,000 school buses; 50,000 transit buses; 645,000 government LCV, MDT, and HDT combined by 2030. 100% Sales of Federal Government HDVs by 2035 and LDVs by 2027. | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Thailand Study on Electric Vehicles | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% share of ZEVs in new car sales by 2035. 30% share of ZEVs in domestic LDV production by 2030, 50% by 2035. 35% share of ZEVs in domestic bus production by 2025, 50% by 2030 and 85% by 2035. | 2021 | Yes | No |
| South Korea 4th Eco-friendly Vehicle Master Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 30% of light duty passenger vehicle stock to be "eco-friendly" (of which 50% are HEVs, 39% are PHEVs and BEVs and 11% are FCEVs) by 2030. | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Singapore Green Plan 2030 | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of PC sales by 2030 | 2021 | Yes | No |
| Norway National Transport Plan 2022-2033 | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of LDV sales and 75% ZEV and biogas share of public transit bus sales by 2025; 75% ZEV share of coach bus sales and 50% ZEV share of MDT and HDT sales by 2030 | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 14th Five-Year Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | NEV sales to account for around 20% of total new car sales by 2025 and around 40% by 2030; 100% of government vehicles to be NEVs by 2025. | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Maharashtra State Electric Vehicle Policy - 2021 | phaseout goal | proposed | 10% share of BEV sales for all vehicles (two/three wheelers and LDVs), 25% share of EVs in public transport and last-mile delivery vehicles by 2025 in target urban centres. | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Indonesia 2050 EV LDV Sales Target | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV cars and 2W sales by 2050. | 2021 | Yes | No |
| India Passenger Car ZEV Sales Target | phaseout goal | proposed | 30% ZEV share of PC sales by 2030 | 2021 | Yes | No |
| Hong Kong Popularization of Electric Vehicles Road Map | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of private PC sales by 2035 | 2021 | Yes | No |
| Goa Electric Mobility Promotion Plan 2021 | phaseout goal | proposed | 30% share of BEVs in all vehicle stock (two/three wheelers and LDVs) by 2030. | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Glasgow Declaration | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% share of ZEV sales of LDV by 2040; 100% by 2035 for "Leading Markets". Signed by the governments in two groups. Group A: Austria,Azerbaijan,Belgium,Canada,Cape Verde,Chile,Croatia,Cyprus,Denmark,El Salvador,Finland,France,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Israel,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,New Zealand,Norway,Poland,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,The Holy See,United Kingdom,Uruguay. Group B: Armenia,Dominican Republic,Ghana,India,Kenya,Mexico,Morocco,Paraguay,Rwanda,Turkey,Ukraine | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Electric Vehicle Policy of Assam, 2021 | phaseout goal | proposed | 25% share of BEVs in of passenger LDV sales by 2026. | 2021 | Yes | No |
| Chongqing Complete Intelligent New Energy Vehicle Industry Ecological Action Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 40% NEVs in new passenger LDV sales, reaching more than 500 000 NEVs by 2025. | 2021 | Yes | No |
| China 14th Five-Year Development Plan for Green Transportation | phaseout goal | adopted | 72% share of NEVs in national urban public transport and 20% in logistics distribution by 2025 | 2021 | No | Yes |
| Chile National Electromobility Strategy | phaseout goal | adopted | 100% ZEV share of LDV and public transit bus sales by 2035; All HDV sales to be ZEVs by 2045; 40% share of EVs in passenger LDV stock by 2050. | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| British Columbia CleanBC Roadmap to 2030 | phaseout goal | adopted | Zero-Emission Vehicle Act requires 26% share of ZEVs in passenger LDV sales by 2025, 90% by 2030 and 100% by 2035. | 2021 | Yes | No |
| Beijing Hydrogen Energy Industry Development Implementation Plan (2021-2025) | phaseout goal | adopted | 10,000 FCEVs stock by 2025 | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| 14th Five-Year Plan for the Innovation and Development of Intelligent and New Energy Vehicles in Guangzhou | phaseout goal | proposed | 800 000 NEV stock for passenger LDV, accounting for 20% of all cars by 2025. | 2021 | Yes | No |
| 14th Five-Year Development Plan for the Comprehensive Transportation System of Guangdong Province | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% of new buses and 80% of taxis and delivery vehicles should be NEVs starting by 2021 | 2021 | Yes | No |
| Zero Emissions Government Fleet Declaration | ZEV fleet rule | proposed | The pledge goal is 100% zero-emission LDV acquisitions of civil government owned and operated fleet with aspirations for 100% zero-emission M/HDV acquisitions, by no later than 2035. | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Washington SB 5974 Addressing Transportation Resources | ZEV regulation | in force | 100% ZEV share of LDV sales by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Taiwan 2040 Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of private PC sales by 2040; 30% by 2030, 60% by 2035 | 2022 | Yes | No |
| Switzerland Electric mobility roadmap 2025 | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% of new passenger car sales to be BEV or PHEV by 2025 | 2022 | Yes | No |
| Shanghai Carbon Peak Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | BEVs to make up more than 50% of new private car purchases by 2025 and more than 40% of private car stock by 2035 | 2022 | Yes | No |
| Seychelles Electric Mobility Project | phaseout goal | proposed | 30% of new private vehicle sales to be EV by 2030, 100% of public bus stock to be EV by 2050 | 2022 | Yes | No |
| Queensland new ZEV strategy | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% EV sales target by 2030; 100% by 2035 | 2022 | Yes | No |
| New South Wales EV Strategy | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% EV sales target by 2030; 100% by 2035 | 2022 | Yes | No |
| Jiangsu Province Carbon Peak Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | NEV sales to account for more than 20% of total new car sales by 2025 | 2022 | Yes | No |
| Haryana Electric Vehicle Policy Draft | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% of state-owned bus stock to be electric buses by 2029. 100% ZEV commercial and logistic vehicles stock by 2030. 100% of government vehicles stock to electric cars by 2024. | 2022 | Yes | No |
| Ghana National Electric Mobility Roadmap | phaseout goal | proposed | 4%, 16%, and 32% of cars and buses sold to be EVs in 2025, 2030, and 2050 respectively; | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| China MEE EV Policy | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% share of EV sales for all vehicles by 2030 across "key polluting regions" | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Chandigarh Draft Electric Vehicle Policy, 2022 | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% of passenger vehicle sales and 100% of commercial vehicle sales are electric within 5 years. | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| California Advanced Clean Cars (ACC) II Regulation | ZEV regulation | in force | 100% EV share of LDV sales by 2035, at most 20% PHEV. This regulation has since been adopted by: DC, Deleware, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington. Colorado and New Mexico have adopted through 2032. Considering adopting: Maine | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Australian Capital Territory Zero Emmission Vehicle Strategy | phaseout goal | proposed | 80-90% ZEV LDV sales target by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| 14th Five-Year Plan for Ecological Environmental Protection in Tianjin | phaseout goal | adopted | 25% of new passenger LDV sales to be NEVs by 2025 and around 50% of total new car sales by 2030. 80% NEVs in public transport, rental, logistics and delivery vehicles sales by 2025. | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| USA EPA Multipollutant Standards for LDV: ZEV projections | phaseout goal | proposed | New ZEV sales of LDVs: 36% in 2027, 45% in 2028, 55% in 2029, 60% in 2030, 63% in 2031, and 67% in 2032 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Ireland Climate Action Plan 2023 | phaseout goal | adopted | 100% EV share of new passenger car sales by 2030; 845,000 passenger car EV stock target by 2030; 30% share of new zero-emission heavy duty vehicle sales by 2030; 1,500 EV public service obligation buses by 2030 | 2023 | Yes | No |
| Bangladesh Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Shift at least 30% of the newly registered transportation fleet to electric by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| United Kingdom Vehicle Emissions Trading Scheme Order 2023 | ZEV regulation | in force | National targets for vehicle manufactureres will be introduced as a percentage of their total annual sales that must be zero emission. For PC 22% in 2024; 28% in 2025; 33% in 2026; 38% in 2027; 52% in 2028, 66% in 2029; 80% in 2030. For Vans 10% in 2024; 16% in 2025; 24% in 2026; 34% in 2027; 46% in 2028; 58% in 2029; 70% in 2030. | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Cambodia: Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality | phaseout goal | proposed | 40% of car stock to be EVs by 2050 | 2021 | Yes | No |
| China: State Council Construction of a Beauitful China Policy | phaseout goal | proposed | NEV sales to account for 45% of new vehicle sales by 2027. | 2023 | Yes | No |
| Cuban State Fleet Electrification Targets | phaseout goal | proposed | 45% of the total vehicle fleet in the country's state sector to be electric by 2030 | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| South Korea Passenger LDV ZEV Stock Target | phaseout goal | proposed | 3.62 million passenger BEV and 880 000 passenger FCEV stock by 2030 (and 4 million PHEV+HEV), building upon previous target of 1.13 million passenger BEV stock by 2025 (plus 200 000 passenger FCEV). | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Laos Government Electric Vehicle Goals | phaseout goal | proposed | EVs to make up 30% of vehicle stock by 2030 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Malaysia Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint (2021-2030) | phaseout goal | proposed | Establish 50% target for new government fleet to be BEV (2023-2025); Establish 20% ftarget of new GLC fleet to be BEV (2023-2025); | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Mexico National Electromobility Strategy | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% of LDV sales to be HEVs, PHEVs, and BEVs by 2030; 100% to be PHEVs and BEVs by 2040; and 100% BEVs by 2050. Deployment of 7M electric LCVs by 2030, 22M by 2040, and 31M by 2050 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| EV Policy Draft for Papua New Guinea | phaseout goal | proposed | 15% share of Evs in all new vehicle sales by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Philippines Comprehensive Roadmap for the Electric Vehicle Industry | phaseout goal | proposed | 25% EV share by 2030 for non-household sector; 50% EV share by 2040 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Policy Roadmap for E-Mobility in Solomon Islands | phaseout goal | proposed | EV sales share target for PC: 20% by 2025; 30% by 2030; and 40% by 2035; For Taxi: 20% by 2025; 40% by 2030; 60% by 2035; For Light duty trucks: 5% by 2025; 10% by 2030; and 15% by 2035 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Dominican Republic National Strategic Plan for Electric Mobility | phaseout goal | proposed | 10% of the private car fleet being Evs by 2030, 70% by 2050, (10% and 50% for the light commerical fleet) | 2020 | Yes | Yes |
| Gujarat State Electric Vehicle Policy | phaseout goal | proposed | 20,000 4W EVs in stock by 2025 | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Japan Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050 | phaseout goal | proposed | 73% EV and HEV share of PC sales by 2030: 30% EV, 40% HEV, and 3% FCEV; 20-30% of LCV sales to be elctrified by 2030, and electrified and decarbonized fuel vehicles to account for 100% of sales by 2040 | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Argentina Bill for the Promotion of Sustainable Mobility | phaseout goal | proposed | Ban on sale of new ICE vehicles from 2041. | 2021 | Yes | Yes |
| Shenzhen 14th Five-Year Plan for Addressing Climate Change | phaseout goal | proposed | NEV new sales share to reach 60% by 2025. Stock target 1 million | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Sichuan Province Carbon Peak Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Proportion of new energy- and clean energy-powered transport to reach around 40% by 2030 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Shanxi Province Carbon Peak Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered transport to reach 40% by 2030 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Liaoning Provice Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | NEV sales to account for around 40% by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Jilin Provice Carbon Peak Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered transport vehicles to reach around 40% by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Carbon Peak Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered transport vehicles to reach around 40% by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Hunan Province Carbon Peak Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Proportion of transport not powered by fossil energy to reach around 40% by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Guizhou Provice Carbon Peak Implementation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered operating vehicles to reach around 40% by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Guangxi Provice Carbon Peak Implemenation Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Proportion of new energy and clean energy-powered transport to reach 40% by 2030 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Nigeria Transportation Decarbonization Strategy | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% transition to EV by 2060 with interim targets of 1% EV and 2% HEV by 2030; 60% EV and 20% HEV by 2050, 100% 2060 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Kenya Electric Vehicle Import Targets | phaseout goal | proposed | 5% share of electric/hybrid vehicles in total vehicles imported by 2025. Projected stock of 20,000 electric vehicle imports every year. | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
| Panama Law to Encourage Electric Mobility in Transport | phaseout goal | proposed | Transition select public entity vehicles to EV: 10% by 2025, 25% by 2027, 40% by 2030 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Tonga Energy Efficiency Master Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 10% of new LDVS to be electric by 2030 | 2020 | Yes | Yes |
| Vietnam Action Program on Green Energy | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% of road transport using electricity and green energy by 2050 | 2022 | Yes | Yes |
| Canada Electric Vehicle Availability Standard | ZEV regulation | adopted | 20% EV share of LDV sales by 2026; 23% by 2027; 34% by 2028; 43% by 2029; 60% by 2030; 74% by 2031; 83% by 2032; 94% by 2033; 97% by 2034; 100% EV share of LDV sales by 2035 | 2023 | Yes | Yes |
The table contains additional phaseout policies compared to those in the map, including firm regulations.
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