Phase-out targets: LDV

Verified on 28 Aug 2023

Phase Out Map

The map displays official phase-out targets set by national and sub-national governments with the aim to end the sale or registration of internal combustion engine (ICE) light-duty vehicles. More than 14 governments have their own targets. Additionally, more than 40 countries have signed onto the ZEV Declaration.

Source: ICCT research; please see the table below for further information.

Table: Summary of ICE light duty vehicle phaseout policies and ZEV light duty phase-in policies

Policy NamePolicy TypePolicy StatusPolicy SummaryPublication YearPCLCV
California Advanced Clean Cars (ACC) II RegulationZEV regulationin force100% EV share of LDV sales by 2035, at most 20% PHEV. This regulation has since been adopted by: New York, Massachusetts, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia and Washington2022YesYes
New Jersey Senate Bill S2252/ Assembly Bill A4819phaseout goaladopted85% EV share of LDV sales by 20402020YesYes
Washington SB 5974 Addressing Transportation ResourcesZEV regulationin force100% ZEV share of LDV sales by 20302022YesYes
British Columbia (BC) Zero Emission Vehicles Act 2019ZEV regulationin force100% EV share of LDV sales by 2040; 10% by 2025; 30% by 20302019YesYes
Canada Proposed regulated sales targets for zero-emission vehiclesphaseout goalproposed100% EV share of LDV sales by 20352022YesYes
Quebec Plan for a Green Economyphaseout goalproposed100% EV share of LDV sales by 20352020YesYes
Costa Rica National Decarbonization Planphaseout goalproposed100% ZEV share of LDV sales, 60% ZEV share of LDV stock, and 100% ZEV share of bus and taxi stock by 2050; 25% ZEV share of LDV stock and 70% ZEV share of bus and taxi stock by 20352019YesYes
Mexico National Electromobility Strategyphaseout goalproposed100% EV share of all vehicle sales by 2050; 5% by 2030, 50% by 20402021YesYes
European Union Clean Vehicles DirectiveZEV fleet rulein forceEV public procurement targets are differentiated by member state: 17.6% to 38.5% EV share of LDV sales by 2025; 6% to 10% ZEV share of MDT and HDV sales by 2025 and 7% to 15% by 2030; 24% to 45% ZEV share of bus sales by 2025 and 33% to 65% by 2030.2019YesYes
France Hydrogen Roadmap and Industrial Developmentphaseout goalproposed5,000 FCEV LDV stock by 2023 and 20,000 to 50,000 by 2028; 200 FCEV HDV stock by 2023 and 2,000 by 20282019YesYes
India Passenger Car ZEV Sales Targetphaseout goalproposed30% ZEV share of PC sales by 20302021YesNo
Chile National Electromobility Strategyphaseout goaladopted100% ZEV share of LDV and public transit bus sales by 2035; All HDV sales to be ZEVs by 2045; 40% share of EVs in passenger LDV stock by 2050.2021YesYes
Italy Integrated National Energy and Climate Planphaseout goalproposed85% EV share of government LDV and HDV sales by 2030; 30% by 2022 and 50% by 20252019YesYes
Netherlands National Climate Agreementphaseout goaladopted15,000 FCEV PC stock by 2025 and 300,000 by 2030; 50% ZEV share of taxi sales by 2025; 3,000 FCEV HDV stock by 20252019YesNo
Spain Integrated National Energy and Climate Change Plan 2021-2030phaseout goalproposed5 million EV stock by 20302019YesYes
Norway National Transport Plan 2022-2033phaseout goalproposed100% ZEV share of LDV sales and 75% ZEV and biogas share of public transit bus sales by 2025; 75% ZEV share of coach bus sales and 50% ZEV share of MDT and HDT sales by 20302021YesYes
Iceland 2020 Climate Action Plan phaseout goalproposed100% EV share of PC sales by 20302020YesNo
Cabo Verde Electric Mobility Policy Charter phaseout goalproposed100% EV sales share for government vehicles by 2025, taxis by 2030, and private PCs and HDVs by 2035. Sets interim EV sales share targets for 2025 and 2030 and a target of 100% EV stock by 2050.2019YesYes
Israel Energy Economy Objectives for the Year 2030phaseout goalproposed100% EV share of LDV sales by 2030; 5% by 2022, 23% by 2025, 61% by 2028.2018YesYes
China New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)phaseout goalproposed20% EV share of all vehicle sales by 20252020YesYes
Hainan’s Clean Energy Vehicle Development Plan phaseout goalproposed100% ZEV share of: taxi stock by 2020, coach bus sales by 2024, public transit bus sales by 2025, ridesharing/rental cars/LCV stock by 2030, and private car sales by 2030; 50% ZEV share of sanitation truck sales by 20302019YesYes
Hong Kong Popularization of Electric Vehicles Road Mapphaseout goalproposed100% EV share of private PC sales by 20352021YesNo
Taiwan 2040 Planphaseout goalproposed100% EV share of private PC sales by 2040; 30% by 2030, 60% by 20352022YesNo
Delhi Electric Vehicles Policy 2020phaseout goalproposed25% ZEV share of all vehicle sales by 20242020YesYes
India FAME II phaseout goaladopted55,000 ZEV PC sales and 7,000 ZEV bus sales by 20222019YesNo
United Kingdom zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate and CO2 emissions regulation for new cars and vans phaseout goalproposed100% EV share of LDV sales by 2030; 100% share of ZEV only sales of LDV by 2035; 100% share of ZEV only sales of government LDVs by 20272022YesYes
Japan 2050 Carbon Neutral Green Growth Strategyphaseout goalproposed100% EV and HEV share of PC sales by 20352020YesNo
Japan Strategic Commission for the New Era of Automobiles Reportphaseout goalproposed73% EV and HEV share of PC sales by 2030: 30% EV, 40% HEV, and 3% FCEV2018YesNo
Pakistan National Electric Vehicles Policy phaseout goalproposed90% EV share of all vehicle sales by 20402019YesYes
Singapore Green Plan 2030 phaseout goalproposed100% EV share of PC sales by 20302021YesNo
Singapore Land Transport Master Planphaseout goalproposed100% EV share of public transit bus and taxi stock by 20402019YesNo
South Korea Hydrogen Economy Roadmapphaseout goalproposed6,200,000 FCEV PC sales (including 2,900,000 domestic sales), 80,000 FCEV taxi stock, and 70,000 FCEV HDV stock by 20402019YesNo
South Korea Passenger Car ZEV Sales Targetphaseout goalproposed33% EV share of PC sales by 20302019YesNo
South Korea Passenger LDV ZEV Stock Targetphaseout goalproposed1,150,000 ZEV LDV stock by 2025: 1,130,000 BEV and 200,000 FCEV2020YesYes
US Build Back Better Actphaseout goalproposed50% EV share of LDV sales by 2030. Also ZEV sales of 100,000 school buses; 50,000 transit buses; 645,000 government LCV, MDT, and HDT combined by 2030. 100% Sales of Federal Government HDVs by 2035 and LDVs by 2027.2021YesYes
China 14th Five-Year Development Plan for Green Transportationphaseout goaladopted72% share of NEVs in national urban public transport and 20% in logistics distribution by 20252021NoYes
14th Five-Year Plan for Ecological Environmental Protection in Tianjinphaseout goaladopted25% of new passenger LDV sales to be NEVs. 80% NEVs in public transport, rental, logistics and delivery vehicles sales by 2025.2022YesYes
Beijing Hydrogen Energy Industry Development Implementation Plan (2021-2025)phaseout goaladopted10,000 FCEVs stock by 20252021YesYes
Chongqing Complete Intelligent New Energy Vehicle Industry Ecological Action Planphaseout goalproposed40% NEVs in new passenger LDV sales, reaching more than 500 000 NEVs by 2025.2021YesNo
14th Five-Year Plan for the Innovation and Development of Intelligent and New Energy Vehicles in Guangzhouphaseout goalproposed800 000 NEV stock for passenger LDV, accounting for 20% of all cars by 2025.2021YesNo
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 14th Five-Year Planphaseout goalproposed15% of new passenger LDV sales to be NEVs and 45% of new buses by 2025. 100% of government vehicles to be NEVs by 2025.2021YesNo
14th Five-Year Development Plan for the Comprehensive Transportation System of Guangdong Provincephaseout goalproposed100% of new buses and 80% of taxis and delivery vehicles should be NEVs starting by 20212021YesNo
Chandigarh Draft Electric Vehicle Policy, 2022phaseout goalproposed50% of passenger vehicle sales and 100% of commercial vehicle sales are electric within 5 years.2022YesYes
Haryana Electric Vehicle Policy Draft phaseout goalproposed100% of state-owned bus stock to be electric buses by 2029. 100% ZEV commercial and logistic vehicles stock by 2030. 100% of government vehicles stock to electric cars by 2024.2022YesNo
Electric Vehicle Policy of Assam, 2021phaseout goalproposed25% share of BEVs in of passenger LDV sales by 2026.2021YesNo
Maharashtra State Electric Vehicle Policy - 2021phaseout goalproposed10% share of BEV sales for all vehicles (two/three wheelers and LDVs), 25% share of EVs in public transport and last-mile delivery vehicles by 2025 in target urban centres.2021YesYes
Goa Electric Mobility Promotion Plan 2021phaseout goalproposed30% share of BEVs in all vehicle stock (two/three wheelers and LDVs) by 2030.2021YesYes
Indonesia EV Charge.IN Planphaseout goalproposed2 million passenger EVs and 13 million electric motorcycles stock by 2030.2020YesNo
Indonesia 2050 EV LDV Sales Targetphaseout goalproposed100% EV cars and 2W sales by 2050.2021YesNo
South Korea 4th Eco-friendly Vehicle Master Planphaseout goalproposed30% of light duty passenger vehicle stock to be "eco-friendly" (of which 50% are HEVs, 39% are PHEVs and BEVs and 11% are FCEVs) by 2030.2021YesYes
Green Master Technology Plan Malaysia 2017-2030phaseout goalproposed100% (electrified, CNG, LPG or biofuel-fuelled vehicle) LDV stock for all private transport by 2030 and 40% in public transport (HDV and LDV).2017YesYes
Assessment of Electric Mobility Targets for Nepal's 2020 NDCphaseout goaladopted25% share of EVs in private passenger vehicle sales (including two-wheelers) and 20% in four-wheel (i.e., buses and taxis) public passenger vehicle sales by 2025. 90% share of EVs in private passenger vehicle sales (including two-wheelers) and 60% in four-wheel (i.e., buses and taxis) public passenger vehicle sales by 2030.2020YesNo
Sri Lanka Blue-Green Economyphaseout goalproposed100% of LDVs to be electrified by 2040. All state-owned vehicles to be electric by 2025 (across all modes).2017YesYes
Thailand Energy Blueprint 4.0phaseout goalproposed1.2 million passenger EV stock by 2036.2016YesNo
Thailand Study on Electric Vehiclesphaseout goalproposed100% share of ZEVs in new car sales by 2035. 30% share of ZEVs in domestic LDV production by 2030, 50% by 2035. 35% share of ZEVs in domestic bus production by 2025, 50% by 2030 and 85% by 2035.2021YesNo
British Columbia CleanBC Roadmap to 2030 phaseout goaladoptedZero-Emission Vehicle Act requires 26% share of ZEVs in passenger LDV sales by 2025, 90% by 2030 and 100% by 2035.2021YesNo
Quebec Electrification Policy Framework phaseout goaladopted100% share of EV public transport bus sales by 2025. 55% of city buses and 65% of school buses are electrified by 2030. 100% share of government cars, SUVs, vans and minivans and 25% of pickup trucks are electrified by 2030. 40% share of taxi stock is electric by 20302020YesNo
Colombia National Strategy for Electric Mobilityphaseout goalproposed600 000 EV stock across all modes (LDV, MC, bus, MDV) by 2030.2019YesYes
Brazil Senate Bill 454/2017phaseout goalproposedSenate Bill No. 454/2017 aims to ban the sale of fossil fuel-powered cars by 2060.2018YesNo
Panama National Electric Mobility Strategyphaseout goaladopted25 - 40% share of EVs in private vehicle sales by 2030; 10 - 20% of EVs in private vehicle fleet, 15 - 35% of buses; 25 - 50% of public vehicle fleets by 2030.2019YesNo
Glasgow Declarationphaseout goalproposed100% share of ZEV sales of LDV by 2040; 100% by 2035 for "Leading Markets". Signed by the governments in two groups. Group A: Austria,Azerbaijan,Belgium,Canada,Cape Verde,Chile,Croatia,Cyprus,Denmark,El Salvador,Finland,France,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Israel,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,New Zealand,Norway,Poland,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,The Holy See,United Kingdom,Uruguay. Group B: Armenia,Dominican Republic,Ghana,India,Kenya,Mexico,Morocco,Paraguay,Rwanda,Turkey,Ukraine2021YesYes
China MEE EV Policyphaseout goalproposed50% share of EV sales for all vehicles by 2030 across "key polluting regions"2022YesYes
USA EPA Multipollutant Standards for LDV: ZEV projectionsphaseout goalproposedNew ZEV sales of LDVs: 36% in 2027, 45% in 2028, 55% in 2029, 60% in 2030, 63% in 2031, and 67% in 20322023YesYes
New South Wales EV Strategyphaseout goalproposed50% EV sales target by 2030; 100% by 20352022YesNo
Victoria ZEV Roadmapphaseout goalproposed50% EV sales target by 2030; 100% by 20352021YesYes
Queensland new ZEV strategyphaseout goalproposed50% EV sales target by 2030; 100% by 20352022YesNo
Seychelles Electric Mobility Projectphaseout goalproposed30% of new private vehicle sales to be EV by 2030, 100% of public bus stock to be EV by 20502022YesNo
Ghana National Electric Mobility Roadmapphaseout goalproposed4%, 16%, and 32% of cars and buses sold to be EVs in 2025, 2030, and 2050 respectively; 2022YesYes
Zero Emissions Government Fleet Declaration ZEV fleet ruleproposedThe pledge goal is 100% zero-emission LDV acquisitions of civil government owned and operated fleet with aspirations for 100% zero-emission M/HDV acquisitions, by no later than 2035. 2022YesYes
Switzerland Electric mobility roadmap 2025phaseout goalproposed50% of new passenger car sales to be BEV or PHEV by 20252022YesNo
Shanghai Carbon Peak Implementation Planphaseout goalproposedBEVs to make up more than 50% of new private car purchases by 2025 and more than 40% of private car stock by 20352022YesNo
Jiangsu Province Carbon Peak Implementation Planphaseout goalproposedNEV sales to account for more than 20% of total new car sales by 20252022YesNo
Australian Capital Territory Zero Emmission Vehicle Strategy phaseout goalproposed80-90% ZEV LDV sales target by 20302022YesYes
Ireland Climate Action Plan 2023 phaseout goaladopted100% EV share of new passenger car sales by 2030; 845,000 passenger car EV stock target by 2030; 30% share of new zero-emission heavy duty vehicle sales by 2030; 1,500 EV public service obligation buses by 20302023YesNo

The table contains additional phaseout policies compared to those in the map, including firm regulations.