Efficiency and GHG standards: LDV

Verified on 5/24/2023

Historical and projected GHG and fuel efficiency standards for passenger cars normalized to CAFÉ standards (gCO2/km) by applicable vehicle types

Source: ICCT research, please see the table below for further information.

Historical and projected GHG and fuel efficiency standards for light trucks and vans normalized to CAFÉ standards (gCO2/km) by applicable vehicle types

Source: ICCT research, please see the table below for further information.

GHG and fuel efficiency standards for light duty vehicles by applicable vehicle types

Policy NamePolicy StatusSummaryPublication DatePCLCV
US EPA Revised 2023 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions StandardsAdoptedReducing fleet level emission for passenger cars and light trucks by 28% between 2022 and 2026 with annual targets. The baseline value for passenger cars in 2022 is 181 gCO2/mile and that for light trucks is 261 gCO2/mile. The test procedure is CAFÉ.2021YesYes
Canada Regulations Amending the Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission RegulationsAdoptedReducing fleet level emissions for passenger cars and light trucks by 30% between 2017 and 2025 with annual targets. The baseline value for passenger cars in 2022 is 221 gCO2/mile and that for light trucks is 312 gCO2/mile. The test procedure is CAFÉ.2014YesYes
European Union Proposed CO₂ emission performance standards for cars and vans (Fit for 55) - GHGProposedReducing fleet level emissions for passenger cars and vans by 100% in 2035. The base year is 2021. There are intermediate targets in 2025 (15% reduction from base year) and 2030 (55% reduction from base year). The baseline value for passenger cars in 2021 is 115 gCO2/km and that for light commercial vehicles is 176 gCO2/km. The test procedure is WLTP.2021YesYes
China Phase V Fuel Efficiency StandardAdoptedImproving fleet level fuel efficiency for passenger cars from 5.8 l/100 km in 2019 to 4 l/100 km in 2025 and 3.2 l/100 km in 2030. The test procedure is NEDC.2019YesNo
South Korea 2030 GHG StandardAdoptedReducing fleet level emissions for passenger cars and light trucks by 28% in 2030. The base year is 2020. The baseline value for passenger cars is 97 gCO2/km and that for light commercial vehicles is 166 gCO2/km. The test procedure is CAFÉ.2021YesYes
Japan Law Concerning the Rational Use of Energy 2019 AmendmentAdoptedReducing fleet level emissions for passenger cars by 28% in 2030. The base year is 2018. The baseline value for passenger cars is 128 gCO2/km. The test procedure is WLTP.2019YesNo
New Zealand Clean Vehicle ActAdoptedReducing fleet level emission for passenger cars and light trucks by 63% between 2021 and 2027 with annual targets starting from 2023. The base year is 2021. The baseline value for passenger cars is 169 gCO2/km and that for light trucks is 244 gCO2/km. The test procedure is WLTP.2022YesYes
California Advanced Clean Car I (ACC I) GHG StandardAdoptedReducing fleet level emission for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles by 50% between 2008 and 2025 with annual targets starting from 2017. The reduction from 2017 to 2025 is 33%. The 2008 value for passenger cars is 291 gCO2/mile and that for light trucks is 396 gCO2/mile. The 2017 value for passenger cars is 213 gCO2/mile and that for light trucks is 290 gCO2/mile. The test procedure is CAFÉ. Other Section 177 states also follow this standard.2012YesYes
Chile LDV GHG StandardAdoptedReducing fleet level fuel efficiency for passenger cars and light trucks by approximately 50% in 2030. The base year is 2020. The baseline value for passenger cars is approximately 14.9 km/lge and that for light commercial vehicles is approximately 13.5 km/lge. The test procedure is CAFÉ.2022YesYes
Mexico LDV GHG StandardProposedReducing fleet level emissions for passenger cars and light trucks by 36% and 26% respectively in 2025. The base year is 2018. The baseline value for passenger cars is 140 gCO2/km and that for light commercial vehicles is 192 gCO2/km. The test procedure is CAFÉ.2018YesYes
US EPA Phase III GHG Standards for HDVProposed15%-53% reduction from MY 2027 by MY 2032 for vocational vehicles, 27% reduction for non-trailer trucks, and 15% reduction for tractor trailers.2023YesYes