Phase-out targets: Buses
Verified on 13 March 2024
Phase Out Map
The map displays official phase-out targets set by national and sub-national governments to end the sale, registration, or procurement of medium- and heavy-duty internal combustion engine (ICE) buses. More than 27 governments have their own targets, in addition to 33 governments joining the Global HDV MoU.
Source: ICCT research; please see the table below for further information.
Table: Summary of ICE bus phaseout policies
| policy_name | policy_type | policy_status | policy_summary | publication_year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulation | ZEV fleet rule | in force | 100% ZEV share of transit bus stock by 2040; 100% ZEV share of transit bus sales by 2029; Large transit agencies: 25% ZEV share of transit bus sales by 2023 and 50% by 2026; Small transit agencies: 25% ZEV share of transit bus sales by 2026. | 2019 |
| US Multistate NESCAUM MOU | phaseout goal | proposed | 30% ZEV share of HDV sales by 2030 and 100% by 2050. Applicable to: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and the District of Columbia | 2022 |
| Colombia Law No. 1964 to promote electric vehicles | ZEV fleet rule | in force | 100% ZEV share of public transit bus sales by 2035; 10% by 2025; 20% by 2027; 40% by 2029; 60% by 2031; 80% by 2033 | 2019 |
| Costa Rica National Decarbonization Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of LDV sales, 60% ZEV share of LDV stock, and 100% ZEV share of bus and taxi stock by 2050; 25% ZEV share of LDV stock and 70% ZEV share of bus and taxi stock by 2035 | 2019 |
| Mexico National Electromobility Strategy | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of all vehicle sales by 2050; 5% by 2030, 50% by 2040 | 2021 |
| Austria Mobility Master Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of: LDV sales by 2030, bus sales by 2032, MDT sales by 2030, and HDT sales by 2035 | 2021 |
| Denmark Climate and Air Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of public transit bus sales by 2025 and stock by 2030; 100% EV share of PC sales by 2030; 100% ZEV share of LDV sales by 2035 | 2018 |
| European Union Clean Vehicles Directive | ZEV fleet rule | in force | EV public procurement targets are differentiated by member state: 17.6% to 38.5% EV share of LDV sales by 2025; 6% to 10% ZEV share of MDT and HDV sales by 2025 and 7% to 15% by 2030; 24% to 45% ZEV share of bus sales by 2025 and 33% to 65% by 2030. | 2019 |
| France Hydrogen Roadmap and Industrial Development | phaseout goal | proposed | 5,000 FCEV LDV stock by 2023 and 20,000 to 50,000 by 2028; 200 FCEV HDV stock by 2023 and 2,000 by 2028 | 2019 |
| Chile National Electromobility Strategy | phaseout goal | adopted | 100% ZEV share of LDV and public transit bus sales by 2035; All HDV sales to be ZEVs by 2045; 40% share of EVs in passenger LDV stock by 2050. | 2021 |
| Hungary National Energy Strategy 2030 | phaseout goal | proposed | 1,290 ZEV public transit bus stock by 2029; 100% sales from 2022 | 2021 |
| Italy Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 85% EV share of government LDV and HDV sales by 2030; 30% by 2022 and 50% by 2025 | 2019 |
| Netherlands National Climate Agreement | phaseout goal | adopted | 15,000 FCEV PC stock by 2025 and 300,000 by 2030; 50% ZEV share of taxi sales by 2025; 3,000 FCEV HDV stock by 2025 | 2020 |
| Netherlands Mission Zero | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of public transit bus sales by 2025; 100% stock by 2030 | 2019 |
| Poland Energy Policy Until 2040 | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of public transit bus sales by 2030 | 2021 |
| Spain Integrated National Energy and Climate Change Plan 2021-2030 | phaseout goal | proposed | 5 million EV stock by 2030 | 2019 |
| Norway National Transport Plan 2022-2033 | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of LDV sales and 75% ZEV and biogas share of public transit bus sales by 2025; 75% ZEV share of coach bus sales and 50% ZEV share of MDT and HDT sales by 2030 | 2021 |
| Cabo Verde Electric Mobility Policy Charter | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% share of EVs in urban bus sales by 2025, 75% by 2030 and 100% by 2040 | 2019 |
| Israel Public Bus Purchase Scheme | ZEV fleet rule | adopted | 100% ZEV share of public transit bus sales by 2026; 30% by 2024, 50% by 2025 | 2022 |
| China New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) | phaseout goal | proposed | 20% EV share of all vehicle sales by 2025 | 2020 |
| Hainan’s Clean Energy Vehicle Development Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of: taxi stock by 2020, coach bus sales by 2024, public transit bus sales by 2025, ridesharing/rental cars/LCV stock by 2030, and private car sales by 2030; 50% ZEV share of sanitation truck sales by 2030 | 2019 |
| Delhi Electric Vehicles Policy 2020 | phaseout goal | proposed | 25% ZEV share of all vehicle sales by 2024 | 2020 |
| India FAME II | phaseout goal | adopted | 55,000 ZEV PC sales and 7,000 ZEV bus sales by 2022 | 2019 |
| China National Development and Reform Commission of the Ministry of Transport on Issuing the Action Plan for Creating Green Travel (Green Mobility Action Plan) | ZEV fleet rule | proposed | 100% ZEV share of public transit bus stock by 2035; 80% sales by 2025 | 2020 |
| Pakistan National Electric Vehicles Policy | phaseout goal | proposed | 90% EV share of all vehicle sales by 2040 | 2019 |
| Singapore Land Transport Master Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV share of public transit bus and taxi stock by 2040 | 2019 |
| South Korea Hydrogen Economy Roadmap | phaseout goal | proposed | 6,200,000 FCEV PC sales (including 2,900,000 domestic sales), 80,000 FCEV taxi stock, and 70,000 FCEV HDV stock by 2040 | 2019 |
| New Zealand Public Transport Decarbonization | ZEV fleet rule | proposed | 100% ZEV share of public transit bus sales by 2025 and stock by 2035 | 2021 |
| United Kingdom Ending sales of new, non-zero emission buses and calls for evidence on coaches and minibuses | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV share of bus sales by 2032 | 2022 |
| Finland Roadmap for Fossil-free Transport | phaseout goal | proposed | 745,000 ZEV LDV stock (700,000 PC and rest LCV) and 4,600 ZEV HDV stock by 2030 | 2019 |
| US Build Back Better Act | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% EV share of LDV sales by 2030. Also ZEV sales of 100,000 school buses; 50,000 transit buses; 645,000 government LCV, MDT, and HDT combined by 2030. 100% Sales of Federal Government HDVs by 2035 and LDVs by 2027. | 2021 |
| China 14th Five-Year Development Plan for Green Transportation | phaseout goal | adopted | 72% share of NEVs in national urban public transport and 20% in logistics distribution by 2025 | 2021 |
| Shanghai EV Bus 2025 Target (2021) | phaseout goal | proposed | 96% of all buses and all new coaches to be new energy or clean energy vehicles by 2025. | 2022 |
| 14th Five-Year Plan for Ecological Environmental Protection in Tianjin | phaseout goal | adopted | 25% of new passenger LDV sales to be NEVs. 80% NEVs in public transport, rental, logistics and delivery vehicles sales by 2025. | 2022 |
| Beijing Hydrogen Energy Industry Development Implementation Plan (2021-2025) | phaseout goal | adopted | 10,000 FCEVs stock by 2025 | 2021 |
| Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 14th Five-Year Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | 15% of new passenger LDV sales to be NEVs and 45% of new buses by 2025. 100% of government vehicles to be NEVs by 2025. | 2021 |
| Chandigarh Draft Electric Vehicle Policy, 2022 | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% of passenger vehicle sales and 100% of commercial vehicle sales are electric within 5 years. | 2022 |
| Haryana Electric Vehicle Policy Draft | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% of state-owned bus stock to be electric buses by 2029. 100% ZEV commercial and logistic vehicles stock by 2030. 100% of government vehicles stock to electric cars by 2024. | 2022 |
| Global HDV MOU | phaseout goal | proposed | 30% share of ZEV HDV sales by 2030 and 100% by 2040. Signed by the following national governments: Austria, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, USA, Croatia, Belgium, Lithuania, Dominican Republic, and United Kingdom (including Scotland and Wales separately), Uruguay | 2021 |
| Japan Strategy for Developing Hydrogen and Fuel-Cell Technologies | phaseout goal | adopted | 1200 fuel cell urban bus stock by 2030. | 2019 |
| Green Master Technology Plan Malaysia 2017-2030 | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% (electrified, CNG, LPG or biofuel-fuelled vehicle) LDV stock for all private transport by 2030 and 40% in public transport (HDV and LDV). | 2017 |
| Assessment of Electric Mobility Targets for Nepal's 2020 NDC | phaseout goal | adopted | 25% share of EVs in private passenger vehicle sales (including two-wheelers) and 20% in four-wheel (i.e., buses and taxis) public passenger vehicle sales by 2025. 90% share of EVs in private passenger vehicle sales (including two-wheelers) and 60% in four-wheel (i.e., buses and taxis) public passenger vehicle sales by 2030. | 2020 |
| Sri Lanka Blue-Green Economy | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% of LDVs to be electrified by 2040. All state-owned vehicles to be electric by 2025 (across all modes). | 2018 |
| Thailand Study on Electric Vehicles | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% share of ZEVs in new car sales by 2035. 30% share of ZEVs in domestic LDV production by 2030, 50% by 2035. 35% share of ZEVs in domestic bus production by 2025, 50% by 2030 and 85% by 2035. | 2021 |
| Germany Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technology Collaboration Programme | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% share of electric urban buses by 2030. | 2020 |
| Canadian 2030 Emissions Reduction Plan | phaseout goal | adopted | 35% ZEV M/HDV sales by 2030, 100% by 2040 (for a subset of vehicle types based on feasibility). | 2021 |
| Canadian Zero Emission Transit Fund | phaseout goal | proposed | purchase 5 000 ZEV public transit and school buses in the period to 2026. | 2021 |
| Quebec Electrification Policy Framework | phaseout goal | adopted | 100% share of EV public transport bus sales by 2025. 55% of city buses and 65% of school buses are electrified by 2030. 100% share of government cars, SUVs, vans and minivans and 25% of pickup trucks are electrified by 2030. 40% share of taxi stock is electric by 2030 | 2020 |
| Colombia National Strategy for Electric Mobility | phaseout goal | proposed | 600 000 EV stock across all modes (LDV, MC, bus, MDV) by 2030. | 2019 |
| Ecuador Organic Law on Energy Efficiency (Ley Orgánica de Eficiencia Energética) | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% of the public transport fleet is electric by 2025. | 2019 |
| Panama National Electric Mobility Strategy | phaseout goal | adopted | 25 - 40% share of EVs in private vehicle sales by 2030; 10 - 20% of EVs in private vehicle fleet, 15 - 35% of buses; 25 - 50% of public vehicle fleets by 2030. | 2019 |
| China MEE EV Policy | phaseout goal | proposed | 50% share of EV sales for all vehicles by 2030 across "key polluting regions" | 2022 |
| EU CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% EV sales for city buses by 2030 | 2023 |
| US EPA Phase III GHG Standards for HDV: ZEV projections | phaseout goal | proposed | New ZEV sales of: Vocational vehicles and buses - 50% by 2032 (starting from 20% in 2027), Short-haul tractors - 35% by 2032 (10% in 2027), Long-haul tractors - 25% by 2032 (first intermediate target: 10% in 2030) | 2023 |
| Ghana National Electric Mobility Roadmap | phaseout goal | proposed | 4%, 16%, and 32% of cars and buses sold to be EVs in 2025, 2030, and 2050 respectively; | 2022 |
| Government of Tamil Nadu Electric Vehicles Policy | ZEV fleet rule | proposed | 30% of public transit bus stock to be electric by 2030 | 2023 |
| Zero Emissions Government Fleet Declaration | ZEV fleet rule | proposed | The pledge goal is 100% zero-emission LDV acquisitions of civil government owned and operated fleet with aspirations for 100% zero-emission M/HDV acquisitions, by no later than 2035. | 2022 |
| Ireland Climate Action Plan 2023 | phaseout goal | adopted | 100% EV share of new passenger car sales by 2030; 845,000 passenger car EV stock target by 2030; 30% share of new zero-emission heavy duty vehicle sales by 2030; 1,500 EV public service obligation buses by 2030 | 2023 |
| Taiwan's Pathway to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050 | phaseout goal | proposed | 35% of the urban bus fleet to be electric by 2025, 100% by 2030 | 2022 |
| Victoria's Zero Emissions Vehicle Roadmap | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% ZEV public buses by 2025 | 2021 |
| Bangladesh Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan | phaseout goal | proposed | Shift at least 30% of the newly registered transportation fleet to electric by 2030 | 2022 |
| Cambodia: Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality | phaseout goal | proposed | 40% of urban bus stock to be EVs by 2050 | 2021 |
| Cuban State Fleet Electrification Targets | phaseout goal | proposed | 45% of the total vehicle fleet in the country's state sector to be electric by 2030 | 2021 |
| Laos Government Electric Vehicle Goals | phaseout goal | proposed | EVs to make up 30% of vehicle stock by 2030 | 2023 |
| EV Policy Draft for Papua New Guinea | phaseout goal | proposed | 15% share of Evs in all new vehicle sales by 2030 | 2022 |
| Philippines Comprehensive Roadmap for the Electric Vehicle Industry | phaseout goal | proposed | 10% EV share by 2030;15% EV share by 2040 | 2023 |
| Policy Roadmap for E-Mobility in Solomon Islands | phaseout goal | proposed | EV sales share target of 20% by 2025; 50% by 2030; 70% by 2035 | 2022 |
| Panama Law to Encourage Electric Mobility in Transport | phaseout goal | proposed | Transition of public transport to EV: 10% by 2025, 20% by 2027, 33% by 2030; | 2022 |
| Argentina Bill for the Promotion of Sustainable Mobility | phaseout goal | proposed | Ban on sale of new ICE vehicles from 2041. | 2021 |
| Vietnam Action Program on Green Energy | phaseout goal | proposed | 100% of road transport using electricity and green energy by 2050 | 2022 |
The table contains additional phaseout policies compared to those in the map, including firm regulations.
